Biogeographic histories cannot solely rely on cladistic reconstructions. First, a cladogram
may be an insufficient representation of evolution, in particular at low taxonomic levels (here:
intrageneric evolution). Diversification and speciation in plants is complex, rarely resulting in
a single unambiguous tree-like genealogy. Second, the modern distribution of a
monophyletic group (here: genus Fagus) may be highly incomplete. For instance, important
areas such as Central Asia and Iceland no longer include the taxon. Third, incorporating …