For over a century, physiological tools and techniques have been allowing researchers to
characterize how organisms respond to changes in their natural environment and how they
interact with human activities or infrastructure. Over time, many of these techniques have
become part of the conservation physiology toolbox, which is used to monitor, predict,
conserve, and restore plant and animal populations under threat. Here, we provide a
summary of the tools that currently comprise the conservation physiology toolbox. By …