While developing countries around the world are preparing to implement REDD+, there is a
debate on the possible role of fiscal instruments in encouraging the private sector and
smallholder stakeholders in reducing emissions. Drawing on a case of Indonesia, an early
leader on REDD+, this paper investigates the role of fiscal instruments in encouraging the
private sector to reduce forest-based emissions and the implications for improving the forest
sector governance. In particular the study highlights the perspectives of a range of forest …