Venoms evolved convergently in diverse animal lineages as key adaptations that increase
the evolutionary fitness of species which are manifold employed for defense, predation, and
competition. They constitute complex cocktails of various toxins that feature a broad range of
bioactivities. The majority of described venom proteins belong to protein families that are
known to comprise housekeeping genes or harbor protein-domains, which are present in
genes with non-venom related functions. However, the evolutionary processes and …