Observations from four towed profiler surveys undertaken between December 1994 and
October 1995 examine the seasonal and spatial variability of the upper ocean response to
the Monsoon cycle in the Arabian Sea. Although observed atmospheric forcing agrees well
with modern climatologies, cross-basin patterns of mixed-layer depth and water properties
observed in 1994–1995 are not entirely consistent with an upper-ocean response
dominated by Ekman pumping. During the winter monsoon, the mixed-layer deepens …