Habitat loss is considered the greatest overall threat to red pandas (Ailurus fulgens; Wei, Feng, Wang, & Hu, 1999) and in portions of Nepal is attributed to disturbance by livestock grazing (GoN/MFSC, 2002). The red panda is listed as endangered in Nepal (IUCN/Nepal, 2006), and as globally vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)(Wang, Choudhury, Yonzon, Wozencraft, & Than Zaw, 2008). Nepal’s National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1973 affords considerable protection to biodiversity throughout Nepal’s protected area system, including complete protection of red pandas. However, no management plan exists for red pandas in the Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR). As effective conservation requires an assessment of existing threats, our objective was to document potential threats to red panda habitat in DHR from livestock. Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is a 1,325 km 2 protected area in western Nepal with elevations ranging from 2,850–7,000 m. Villages bound DHR on all sides except the northern border that is delineated by high mountains. In 1987, Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve was officially declared a hunting reserve and to preserve a high altitude ecosystem in Nepal. We obtained information on the number of households, residents, and livestock for each village within and adjacent to DHR from Baral (2001) and records from respective Village Development Committees. From March–September 2007, we conducted systematic volunteer face-to-face interviews (n= 400, response rate= 97%) with the heads of households, or when unavailable, a person over 21 years old, primarily in the Patan valley, using semi-structured questionnaires. Our survey represented about 7% of all households. To estimate intensity of livestock use in DHR, we asked heads of households who were herdsmen about the number of livestock they kept, where livestock were grazed, and duration of grazing. Data were summarized and extrapolated to the total household population. In addition to the survey period, we also qualitatively assessed livestock grazing activities in DHR while assessing red panda distribution from March–May 2007 (Sharma & Belant, 2009). Distribution of red pandas was estimated from line-transect surveys of fecal pellets and direct observations and found to occur from 3,000–3,600 m in association with bamboo (Arundinaria spp.) stands, their primary forage (Sharma & Belant, 2009).