North American lepidopterans to determine the importance of invasive species relative to 15
other recognized endangerment factors. Invasive plants, social insects (especially ants), and
vertebrate grazers and predators repeatedly were identified as groups directly or indirectly
threatening native insect biodiversity. Among rare eastern North American lepidopterans,
the (mostly indirect) consequences of the establishment of the gypsy moth (Lymantria …