potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). PMIEs involve actions taken or not taken, or
witnessing or being directly impacted by someone else's actions or inactions, that violate
deeply held notions of right and wrong. Moral injury is hypothesized to be a syndrome that is
marked by symptoms of reexperiencing and avoidance, accompanied by moral emotions,
demoralization, and social isolation or withdrawal. Further, moral injury is posited to involve …