Objective Nutcracker syndrome (NS) is a rare cause of hematuria, flank pain, and renal
venous hypertension due to compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the aorta and
the superior mesenteric artery. To evaluate outcomes of open surgery and endovascular
interventions, we reviewed our experience. Methods A retrospective review of clinical data of
all patients treated at our institution with an intervention for NS between January 1, 1994,
and February 28, 2014, was performed. Primary outcomes were morbidity and mortality …

Background Nutcracker syndrome (NS) is rare cause of hematuria, left flank pain, and renal
venous hypertension due to external compression of the left renal vein (LRV). We reviewed
our experience to better define the role of open surgery (OS) and endovascular interventions
(ENDO). Methods Retrospective review of all patients treated for NS with OS and ENDO at
our institution between January 1994 and September 2013. Primary outcomes were
operative morbidity and mortality. Secondary outcomes included primary and secondary …