… and eastern tropical Pacific SSTs during the MCA, with warmer than modern temperatures
in the western equatorial Pacific. This pattern of mid-latitude and tropical climate conditions is …

… temperatures in the western equatorial Pacific. This pattern of mid-latitude and tropical
climate conditions is consistent with the hypothesis that the dry Medieval Climate Anomaly in the …

… 750 yr BP by steepening the hemispheric and tropical Pacific zonal sea surface temperature
gradient. … and testing the existing ENSO theories and models, and its stable teleconnections. …

… behavior and AMO–ECSP teleconnection is conducted. In section ‘Results’, we analyze
spatial and temporal structures of the AMO, the teleconnection between the AMO and ECSP, …

… We could therefore explain the Medieval megadroughts if the tropical Pacific Ocean was …
mid-latitude South America during droughts but the evidence for this during the Medieval period …

… the tropical Pacific and computed by the ocean mixed layer model elsewhere as a remote
response to the tropical Pacific … response to the tropical Pacific anomalies. Units are in kelvin. …

… a shift in the tropical Pacific mean climate state during the MCA. The pattern during this time
… -stationarity of Indo-Pacific mid-latitude to extratropical teleconnection patterns. As a starting …

… In the tropical Pacific north of 10N, significant warm SSTAs … warm SSTAs in the tropical Pacific
extends further westward to … are affected by upstream teleconnection waves over Eurasia, …

… and eastern equatorial Pacific can explain some aspects of medieval circulation changes, …
reproduces cool-season ENSO teleconnections over the North Pacific and North America, …

… the tropical Indo–Pacific Ocean can excite a teleconnection … In addition, the eastern tropical
Pacific warming contributes … over tropical and mid-latitude eastern China, respectively. The …