The paper discusses the traffic dynamics in microscopic level and analyzes the dynamics
characteristics of the traditional Gazis-Herman-Rothery model, the optimal velocity model
with delay, and the intelligent driver model. An essential feature differentiating those models
is that the traditional Gazis-Herman-Rothery model only governs the vehicle dynamics in the
car-following state, but the other two models encompass larger interaction state including
the free-flow state and the acceleration from the vehicle initial state. From this study, it can be …