We describe the general background and the recent advances in research on underwater
photosynthesis of leaf segments, whole communities, and plant dominated aquatic
ecosystems and present contemporary methods tailor made to quantify photosynthesis and
carbon fixation under water. The majority of studies of aquatic photosynthesis have been
carried out with detached leaves or thalli and this selectiveness influences the perception of
the regulation of aquatic photosynthesis. We thus recommend assessing the influence of …