dimensional continuous or multilevel quantized phase fanout elements, an upper bound on
diffraction efficiency is presented for fanouts ranging from 2 to 25. The upper bound is
determined by optimizing with respect to the array phase the upper bound on diffraction
efficiency for a coherent array. To determine the upper bound for binary-phase gratings,
restrictions on the array phase are imposed. For fanouts that are> 5, the upper bound on the …