Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) is a non-destructive technique that can geochemically characterise and source a range of stone raw materials. It is most suitable for use on homogeneous and fine-grained rock types, particularly volcanic glasses, and on items with relatively flat, smooth surfaces. Recent research suggests that it is possible to use pXRF analysis to generate meaningful information for less homogeneous rock types, such as silcrete, providing that a suitable research design and method is employed. PXRF analysis is rapid and relatively cost-effective, making it suitable for incorporation into cultural heritage management projects. This paper reviews the use of pXRF on Australian rock types, and makes recommendations for how to incorporate pXRF into cultural heritage management projects to generate information about the procurement, transport and trade of stone raw materials in Australia.