the three-part series examining variation in the number of bristles in the female frenulum of
tortricid moths. Based on the examination of 3,850 females of 1,082 species from 267
genera, the number of bristles in females varies from one to eight and frequently is
asymmetrical on the same specimen (19% of specimens examined). A three-bristled
frenulum (ie, with three bristles on each side) is the most common condition in the …