mechanism of a SMBR were investigated by employing phage T4 as a model virus. Two
membrane modules were compared in continuous operation for about 75 days. During
stable operation, SMBR achieved almost complete phage removal for both membrane
modules. For the 0.22 μm module, the cake layer, the gel layer and the membrane
contributed 6.3 log, 3.1 log and 1.7 log, respectively to phage removal, confirming the …