Visualization Study of Counterflow in Superfluid using Metastable Helium Molecules

W Guo, SB Cahn, JA Nikkel, WF Vinen, DN McKinsey - Physical review letters, 2010 - APS
W Guo, SB Cahn, JA Nikkel, WF Vinen, DN McKinsey
Physical review letters, 2010APS
Heat is transferred in superfluid He 4 via a process known as thermal counterflow. It has
been known for many years that above a critical heat current the superfluid component in
this counterflow becomes turbulent. It has been suspected that the normal-fluid component
may become turbulent as well, but experimental verification is difficult without a technique for
visualizing the flow. Here we report a series of visualization studies on the normal-fluid
component in a thermal counterflow performed by imaging the motion of seeded metastable …
Heat is transferred in superfluid via a process known as thermal counterflow. It has been known for many years that above a critical heat current the superfluid component in this counterflow becomes turbulent. It has been suspected that the normal-fluid component may become turbulent as well, but experimental verification is difficult without a technique for visualizing the flow. Here we report a series of visualization studies on the normal-fluid component in a thermal counterflow performed by imaging the motion of seeded metastable helium molecules using a laser-induced-fluorescence technique. We present evidence that the flow of the normal fluid is indeed turbulent at relatively large velocities. Thermal counterflow in which both components are turbulent presents us with a theoretically challenging type of turbulent behavior that is new to physics.
American Physical Society
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