(WH) fibers were carried out. There are two treatments to obtain NCC from WH fibers by
chemical and mechanical treatments. The chemical treatment involved alkalization with
NaOH 25% in a highly-pressured tube, acid hydrolysis with 5M HCl, and bleaching with
(NaClO2: CH3COOH) in ratio 5: 2. The mechanical treatment was performed by using
ultrasonic homogenizing at 12000 Rpm for 2 h. The morphological surface was observed by …