… causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has … The clinical prodrome of
COVID-19 is similar to that of other … The more severe clinical manifestations of COVID-19 have …

… Specific to the respiratory system, lung epithelial cells have been suggested to play a
crucial role in the release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and IL-8 4 . …

… -2 are often associated with a cytokine storm resulting in high … of pro-inflammatory cytokines
has not yet been elucidated. … the most prominent cytokines expressed during COVID-19, we …

… pro-inflammatory cytokines and the most severe clinical manifestations of COVID-19. …
COVID-19, this paper aims to gather, evaluate and consolidate data relating to the disease. …

… COVID-19 is associated with a pulmonary-centric vasculopathy. The SARS-CoV-2 virus …
In severe COVID-19, EC activation is further activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Acute EC …

… of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and IL-1 family members. Moreover, in women
the production of inflammatory IL-6 afterviral infection is lowerthan in males and is often …

… Ang II acts not only as a vasoconstrictor but also as a pro-inflammatory cytokine via Ang II
type 1 receptor (AT1R) [50]. Therefore, it is hypothesized that a renin-angiotensin system (RAS…

… pro-inflammatory cytokines enhances risk of cytokine storm. Thus, drugs acting against
pro-inflammatory cytokines … may be gender wise differential therapy for treatment of COVID 19 [4]. …

… cytokine IL-10 [33,34]. There may be, however, some concerns about the potential pro-inflammatory …
where it may induce an increase production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-…

… the cytokine storm in COVID 19. … pro-inflammatory cytokines when challenged by high titer
or virulent micro-organisms. Once the challenge is resolved, the pro-inflammatory cytokines …