… We aim to extend the empirical evidence about firm-level productivity impacts of AI in three
ways. First, we cover all types of AI methods and technologies used for any kind of production …

… level, we lack an understanding about how and when they contribute to firm- level productivity,
what conditions they complement or substitute for labor, how they affect new firm formation…

… level, supporting the productivity-enhancing effect of AI technology. In summary, our robustness
checks tend to confirm a considerable productivity effect of AI technology at the firm level…

… The recent dramatic increases in technological capabilities we have seen in the fields of
robotics and artificial intelligence provide society with a myriad of opportunities and challenges. …

… We expect that as more evidence becomes available at the firm level over time, it will also
open up new possibilities for refined analyses on both the economic impact of AI as well as the …

… and has a strong productivity-enhancing effect. Therefore, we tried to capture the application
of AI technologies at the firm level using a natural language processing (NLP) approach. …

… in Table 1 some descriptive statistics at the firm level on our data and variable definitions. …
above at the worker level can also be seen at the firm level. Our firmlevel measure of exposure …

… Since AI technology innovation may be affected not only by time trends, but also by time-invariant
factors at the region and industry levels, we control for time, region, and industry levels. …

… use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and innovation performance in firms. Based on firm-level data
… in the unit cost of production, we also find that AI-using firms achieve higher amounts with …

… ’ promise, recent leaps in artificial intelligence (AI) performance being … productivity growth
over the past decade has slowed significantly. This deceleration is large, cutting productivity …