… Abstract—Over-the-air computation (AirComp) has recently been identified as a prominent
… federated learning (FL). This letter investigates the impact of channel state information (CSI) …

… for federated learning in the air. OTA-FL is naturally sensitive to wireless channel fading,
which could significantly diminish its learning … We show that the impact of imperfect CSI on …

… Abstract—Over-the-air federated learning (AirFL) allows devices to train a learning model in
… accuracy when the number of receive antennas is small or moderate under imperfect CSI. …

… In this work, we propose two schemes of federated learning with statistical channel state …
phases of instant CSI, and scale transmitted signal power based on statistical CSI. Note that in …

… Over-The-Air Federated Learning (OTA-FL) represents a revolutionary approach to wireless
federated learning (WFL) in multi-access channels, capitalizing on the signal superposition …

… learning performance. This paper considers noisy uplink and downlink communications under
imperfect CSI … Several works have studied RIS-enhanced federated learning. For example…

… In the proposed robust OTA FL scheme, we consider a CSI error bound to handle the
imperfect CSI. The numerical results showed that the proposed robust OTA FL scheme achieves …

… The performance of both perfect and imperfect CSI scenarios is reported. We note that the
performance of the OTA-FL scheme approaches the performance of error-free links for small …

… DSGD over-the-air; that is, we assume that learning takes … , and an analog over-theair
computation scheme are introduced. … We highlight that, with imperfect CSI, even though the users …

… federated learning (FL) system based on the imperfect CSI. … CSI error model into consideration
and formulate the training … the training time of the FL system base on imperfect CSI. …