A grid of small sample plots was traced out in a West Carpathian (Central European) forest
that has been minimally impacted by humans. Both regeneration and all live and dead trees …

The research objective was to provide a generalised model of spatial variation in the basal
area of live and dead trees in primeval beech–fir–spruce forests in the Western Carpathians …

Horizontal structure of forest stands largely affects the competitive relationships between
tree individuals and plays a significant role in the stand dynamics. The present study …

Unlike many studies on the stand structure of European beech-dominated natural forests we
explicitly examined the spatial variability of six general stand characteristics: density, basal …

Current knowledge of the within-site variability of major stand structural features in beech
dominated natural forests is limited. Numerous studies have used just several small plots for …

The near-natural beech forests (Fagus sylvatica) of Serrahn include some of the beech
forests with the highest degree of naturalness in Central Europe. Covering an area of 330ha …

The existence of a relationship between the spatial pattern of trees and the distribution of
young individuals beneath the canopy has been tested in the beech (Fagus sylvatica) and …

The decline of Abies alba (fir) in natural fir–beech forests in Europe has fascinated scientists
for over a century. During this period, Fagus sylvatica (beech) became the dominant species …

The structural patterns and dynamics of a primeval silver fir (Abies alba)–European beech
(Fagus sylvatica) forest in the Southern Carpathians (Romania) were assessed to gain …

One of the main goals of modern silviculture is to emulate the structural complexity of old-
growth forests. In this context, it is of advantage to identify a target state of structural …