While the state saw impressive initial gains in 4th-grade reading scores after adopting the
policy in 2002, a rigorous analysis found that by the time kids who repeated 3rd grade …

As increasing numbers of states move to end social promotion of 3rd graders, some are also
including interventions to help students learn to read. Oklahoma is one of several states that …

Students who failed the Texas mandatory third grade reading test were followed through
their sophomore year in high school. Comparisons of reading scores between third grade …

This policy brief presents an in-depth look at the issue of grade-retention in Texas, reviews
research that finds this practice to be ineffective, and outlines alternatives to both retention …

Research on the effects of retention in grade has long been of interest to educators. While
most research points to retention's negative effects for students, there also has been …

Retention in grade is one of the most persistently contentious issues in US education policy.
Though mandatory retention policies impact a child's entire educational career, they are …

In 2002, Florida adopted a test-based promotion policy in the third grade in an attempt to
end social promotion. Similar policies are currently operating in Texas, New York City, and …

This book is about the practice of grade retention in elementary school, a particularly vexing
problem in urban school systems, where upward of half the students may repeat a grade. On …

SUMMARY W Then a student fails to master academic material, educators face a range of
choicesthey can provide extra tutoring, place the student in summer school, or, as a last …

Using multiple analytic methods, we examined the fit between 2 concurrent policy mandates
in Florida—the adoption of core reading programs in high-poverty schools, and the retention …