A previous work described how a magneto-mechanical tensor can be obtained from the
application of the virtual work principle to the energy density or co-energy density in any …

Magnetostatic forces computation can be done numerically through Finite Element Analysis
by applying the virtual works method on either the energy or the co-energy. They can also …

Force calculations based on numerical field solutions represent an important step in the
design of many electro-magneto-mechanical devices. Ensuring that the calculated forces …

The design of magnetic devices requires a precise estimation of magnetic forces. In previous
works, we presented a general approach to estimate these forces based upon …

When two magnets are stuck together, where do magnetic forces operate and which
formulas should one apply to compute them? Such frequently asked questions do not find …

Force density calculus in permanent magnets and other nonlinear magnetic media is still a
challenge despite two hundred years of electromagnetic theory. While generally accepted …

A couple of fundamental formulae are demonstrated in this paper, which allow a systematic
algebraic derivation of local electromagnetic forces in any material, starting from the …

Different methods can be proposed to determine the global force on magnets (equivalent
models, Maxwell stress tensor, virtual work principle, etc.). The same value is obtained …

Several approaches exist for the evaluation of force distributions in electromagnetic devices.
The local virtual work based stresses derived from the application of continuum design …

In magnetoelastic interactions, the virtual power principle is powerful enough to solve all
force problems, but only if the coupled constitutive laws are completely known. We use it to …