Therapeutic failures against diseases due to resistant Gram-negative bacteria have become
a major threat nowadays as confirmed by surveillance reports across the world. One of the …

Infectious diseases remain one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in the
world. Relevant authorities including the WHO and CDC have expressed serious concern …

The development of multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is a major problem
faced antimicrobial therapy and management of infectious diseases. Too many resistance …

Abstract Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) efflux pumps are responsible for multidrug
resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The present study aimed to evaluate the …

Antimicrobial resistance is an old and silent pandemic. Resistant organisms emerge in
parallel with new antibiotics, leading to a major global public health crisis over time …

The rise in multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the greatest threats to human health
worldwide. MDR in bacterial pathogens is a major challenge in healthcare, as bacterial …

The process of active efflux, the last described resistance mechanism in bacteria, is one of
the important factors of acquired antibiotic resistance. Efflux systems which consist of …

In this manuscript, we want to review the biochemical and genetic characteristics of the
different efflux pumps involved in both intrinsic and acquired multiresistance in non …

The global emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a growing threat to
antibiotic therapy. The chromosomally encoded drug efflux mechanisms that are ubiquitous …

Introduction The resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family is the most important group of
multidrug efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria. Their inhibition increases the …