Gap dynamics are driving many important processes in the development of temperate forest
ecosystems. What remains largely unknown is how often the regeneration processes …

We provide a study on long-term canopy gap dynamics in the Źofin Virgin Forest (total area
98 ha), which has been strictly protected since 1838. Our aims were i) to describe the size …

Forest decline is perceived as a threat to forest health in many regions of the world. The
decline of red spruce in the mountains of the northeastern United States is one well‐known …

We analyzed indices of gap dynamics, ie gap formation and gap closure rates as well as
turnover rates, in a montane conifer forest in the temperate zone and asked:(1) Are the …

Stand dynamics and the gap initiation prior to gap formation are not well‐understood
because of its long‐term nature and the scarcity of late‐successional stands. Reconstruction …

Studying forest gap dynamics and related effects has a long tradition in ecology. Thus, a vast
range of methodological approaches have been developed and applied in all types of …

Investigation of gap characteristics and tree regeneration patterns is central for our
understanding of forest dynamics. By integrating aerial photograph analyses and ground …

Spatial patterns can reveal a lot about ecological processes, but our knowledge of the
spatial ecology of tree regeneration at a fine scale is quite limited. Therefore, we studied the …

We investigated patterns of disturbance and recovery in Fiby urskog, a primeval spruce
(Picea abies) forest, situated south of the border between the Boreo‐nemoral and Boreal …

The study deals with long-term dynamics of snags and fallen dead wood from 1970 to 2010
in an unmanaged forest ecosystem dominated by European beech in the Bažinky area …