Ecosystem legacies, reflecting the management history traits, are visible in structural
indicators of a forest stand. We assessed patterns of spatial forest structure by using …

In Europe, concerns regarding the provision of ecosystem services from forests, such as
biodiversity, has led to a widespread conversion from even-aged to close-to-nature forest …

In managed boreal forests, partial harvesting has been proposed to promote forest structural
complexity and to therefore maintain associated biodiversity. However, there have been few …

Intensifying forest management and a reduction in the rotation period necessitates the
development of intensive biodiversity conservation strategies, such as the triad concept …

Unlike many studies on the stand structure of European beech-dominated natural forests we
explicitly examined the spatial variability of six general stand characteristics: density, basal …

The long-term development of stand characteristics and tree spatial patterns (TSP), their
mutual relation, and linkage to site and tree species were studied in the Boubín primeval …

Current knowledge of the within-site variability of major stand structural features in beech
dominated natural forests is limited. Numerous studies have used just several small plots for …

The common stand-level diameter distributions of old-growth forests (ie, reverse-J or rotated
sigmoid) resemble the managerial targets of selection forestry, seemingly making it a …

Forest structure is a key element for assessing the ecological functions and services in forest
ecosystems, which can be described and quantified using forest structural indices. This …

High structural diversity is often attributed to old-growth forests, usually established naturally
and unmanaged. Forest diversity should be considered not only in terms of species diversity …