For ski manufacturers, it is important to know how a given ski-binding system performs under
different loading conditions. Important performance parameters are the ski deformation and …

Skiing manufacturers depend on the development of new skis on trial and error cycles and
extensive product testing. Simulation tools, such as the finite element method, might be able …

Winter sports have developed tremendously during the last century. This increased
popularity has not only generated significant industrial activities, but has also boosted …

Material properties, such as ski stiffness, can be evaluated by field experiments or simulation
calculations. Field measurements benefit from closeness to reality, but often are difficult to …

The macroscopic contact area between ski and snow and the contact pressure are crucial
influencing factors for carved turns in Alpine skiing. In the present paper, a simulation model …

A ski–snow interaction model is presented. The force between ski and snow is decomposed
into a penetration force normal to the snow surface, a shear force parallel to it, and friction …

Deflection is recognized as an important property of skis, as well as the side cut. The
deformation of a ski must affect the formation of the turn trajectory on the snow. Usually, the …

In Alpine skiing, it is well known that the turns of a skier are influenced by geometrical and
mechanical properties of the skis (side cut, camber, stiffness, damping), properties of the …

Carved turns with alpine skis are investigated. During the movement of a ski, snow is loaded
and unloaded. Compacted snow is not elastic, ie deformations remain. Such effects are …

Ski design in practice has been largely a trial and error procedure because the relationships
between the distributed ski-snow interaction forces, ski orientation relative to the snow, and …