Introduction The present study examined father-–child relationships, parenting quality, and
child psychological adjustment in 35 gay single father surrogacy families, 30 heterosexual …

The present study investigated child behavior problems, parenting styles, coparenting, and
couple relationship satisfaction in 67 European gay father families via surrogacy and 67 …

Thirty-one children of gay single fathers and 28 children of heterosexual single fathers, all
born through surrogacy, were compared with 31 children of gay partnered fathers through …

The present cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study explored parenting and
psychological adjustment during middle childhood in 30 lesbian mother families through …

STUDY QUESTION Are there differences in levels of parental wellbeing (parental stress,
psychological adjustment and partner relationship satisfaction) between gay-father families …

This research focused on behavioral functioning of children conceived via gestational
surrogacy and raised by gay fathers. Gay fathers from 68 families with children aged 3–10 …

Findings are presented on a study of 40 gay father families created through surrogacy and a
comparison group of 55 lesbian mother families created through donor insemination with a …

Findings are presented on a UK study of 41 gay father families, 40 lesbian mother families,
and 49 heterosexual parent families with an adopted child aged 3–9 years. Standardized …

This questionnaire-based study compared 36 Israeli lesbian mother families (n= 72 lesbian
mothers) formed by donor insemination, 39 Israeli gay father families (n= 78 gay fathers) …

Objective To study differences by sperm donor type in the psychological adjustment of the
US National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study (NLLFS) offspring across three time periods …