Recent studies have begun to characterize the actions of stress and antidepressant
treatments beyond the neurotransmitter and receptor level. This work has demonstrated that …

Previously, authors have reviewed the evidence pertaining to a wide range of
neurochemical, neuroendocrine, neurophysiological, and structural correlates of …

The molecular neurobiology of depression begins with the concept that depressive
disorders represent a family of related but distinct conditions. Different points of vulnerability …

Adaptations at the cellular and molecular levels in response to stress and antidepressant
treatment could represent a form of neural plasticity that contributes to the pathophysiology …

Since the 1960s, when the first tricyclic and monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressant
drugs were introduced, most of the ensuing agents were designed to target similar brain …

Depression is associated with structural alterations in limbic brain regions that control
emotion and mood. Studies of chronic stress in animal models and postmortem tissue from …

BackgroundNew research in animals is beginning to change radically our understanding of
the biology of stress and the effects of antidepressant agents. AimsTo relate recent findings …

Major depressive disorders, long considered to be of neurochemical origin, have recently
been associated with impairments in signaling pathways that regulate neuroplasticity and …

Depressive disorders are heterogeneous diseases, and the complexity of symptoms has led
to the formulation of several aethiopathological hypotheses. This heterogeneity may account …

Major depressive disorder is a heritable psychiatric syndrome that appears to be associated
with subtle cellular and molecular alterations in a complex neural network. The affected …