Background With its growing popularity and potential outcome, preoperative three-
dimensional reconstruction of chest computed tomography (CT) has been widely used in …

Objectives General thoracic surgeons must be familiar with anatomical variation in the
pulmonary vessels and bronchi. Here, we analyzed the bronchovascular pattern of the right …

Background For thoracic surgeons, three-dimensional computed tomography
bronchography and angiography (3-DCTBA) is a convenient way to analyze pulmonary …

Background Compared to the pulmonary lobe, the anatomical structure of the pulmonary
segment is relatively complex and prone to variation, thus the risk and difficulty of …

Objectives General thoracic surgeons must be familiar with anatomical variations in the
pulmonary bronchi and vessels. We analyzed variations in the bronchovascular pattern of …

Background Thoracic surgeons must be familiar with the anatomy of the pulmonary artery
during segmentectomy and segmentectomy. But pulmonary arteries have numerous …

Purposes The bronchopulmonary vascular bifurcation patterns in the upper lobe of the left
lung are diverse. Therefore, it is important for general thoracic surgeons to understand the …

BACKGROUND Anatomical segmentectomy has been proposed as a substitution for
lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer. However, it requires technical meticulousness due to …

Purpose Anatomic variations of the pulmonary arterial tree can cause technical difficulties
during pulmonary lobectomy in general and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Using …

Background A preoperative understanding of the thoracic anatomy of the patients with the
quadrivial pattern of branching of the right upper lobe is key to successful surgery. We …