Future emission standards will require further reduction of harmful gaseous emissions such
as HC, CO and NOx as well as consideration for greenhouse gas emissions such as CO₂ …

New fuel economy standards intensify the power train development for more fuel efficient
vehicles worldwide. Different approaches are utilized to improve the fuel efficiency of …

The principle strategy, the development emphasis, and the investigation parameters of a DI
gasoline engine are discussed. Several different combustion systems are briefly described …

This chapter begins with a brief description of the history of direct injection gasoline engines.
Having identified the areas of improvement for fuel economy and performance …

Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines can play an important role in future powertrain
concepts. They show potential for enhanced fuel economy and at the same time fulfill …

The three way catalyst NOx trap catalyst (TWC-NT) is consisted of a conventional three way
catalyst (TWC) compositions and NOx storage material (NSM) to mitigate NOx breakthrough …

The push for environmental protection and sustain-ability has led to strict emission
regulations for automotive manufacturers as evident in EURO VII and 2026 EPA …

The development of four-stroke, spark-ignition engines that are designed to inject gasoline
directly into the combustion chamber is an important worldwide initiative of the automotive …

There is an increasing interest in running gasoline fueled passenger cars lean of
stoichiometric air to fuel (A/F) ratio to improve fuel economy. These types of engines will …

For fuel economy improvement by lean-burn gasoline engines, extension of their lean
operation range to higher loads is desirable as more fuel is consumed during acceleration …