Transdermal delivery of peptides and proteins avoids the disadvantages associated with the
invasive parenteral route of administration and other alternative routes such as the …

Despite the increased availability of therapeutic proteins and peptides, delivery remains
almost entirely via hypodermic needle. Transdermal delivery offers an attractive noninvasive …

Skin is the largest external organ in the human body but its use for therapeutic purposes has
been minimal. Stratum corneum residing on the uppermost layer of the skin provides a tough …

Peptides and proteins are gaining increasing importance as therapeutic agents. Oral
delivery of these molecules is not feasible due to gastrointestinal degradation. Parenteral …

Transdermal delivery has been at the forefront of research addressing the development of
non-invasive methods for the systemic administration of peptide and protein therapeutics …

Recently, a large number of new and potentially potent peptide and protein drugs have been
developed. Their systemic delivery is difficult because they are rapidly cleared from the …

Since the development of protein‐based therapeutics, research has been underway to
deliver protein therapeutics into the systemic circulation and target sites have been actively …

Advances in molecular biology have given us a wide range of protein and peptide-based
drugs that are unsuitable for oral delivery because of their high degree of first-pass …

The protective function of human skin imposes physicochemical limitations to the type of
permeant that can traverse the barrier. For a drug to be delivered passively via the skin it …

The skin offers an attractive way for dermal and transdermal drug delivery that is why the
drug still needs certain qualities to transcend the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum …