Purposes The bronchopulmonary vascular bifurcation patterns in the upper lobe of the left
lung are diverse. Therefore, it is important for general thoracic surgeons to understand the …

Purpose To identify and clarify the comprehensive anatomic patterns in the left lower lobe
(LLL). Methods Using computed tomography (CT) imaging data, including that obtained …

Objectives General thoracic surgeons must be familiar with anatomical variation in the
pulmonary vessels and bronchi. Here, we analyzed the bronchovascular pattern of the right …

Objectives General thoracic surgeons must be familiar with anatomical variations in the
pulmonary bronchi and vessels. We analyzed variations in the bronchovascular pattern of …

Background For thoracic surgeons, three-dimensional computed tomography
bronchography and angiography (3-DCTBA) is a convenient way to analyze pulmonary …

Background During pulmonary resection, we sometimes encounter “pitfall branches” of the
pulmonary artery, which could cause serious vessel injury. Current computed tomography …

Background The number of sublobar resections performed is increasing, thoracic surgeons
must be familiar with bronchus anatomy and preoperative planning plays an important role …

Purpose Anatomical investigation is important for safer surgical procedures and to focus on
aims. Pulmonary artery anatomy is very important point for thoracic surgery, especially in …

During the 1940s, considerable knowledge was acquired about the anatomy of pulmonary
segments, and anatomical terms were proposed and have been widely accepted. In recent …

Anatomical variations of the bronchi and lung vessels may be important obstacles during
lung resection if overlooked. We designed this study to determine the frequency and types of …