Parasitic infections in teleost fish are limited by constitutive innate defence mechanisms that
render the host refractory or reduce the severity of infection. Controlled challenge trials using …

Immune systems protect animals from threats by parasites, bacteria and viruses. Most of
what we know today about the composition, function and regulation of the two fundamental …

The increasing economic importance of fish parasitoses for aquaculture and fisheries has
enhanced the interest in the defence mechanisms against these infections. Both innate and …

Research in fish immune system and parasite invasion mechanisms has advanced the
knowledge of the mechanisms whereby parasites evade or cope with fish immune response …

The piscine immune system is well developed and is normally quite efficient in protecting
healthy free ranging fish from parasitic diseases. However, when fish are cultured in high …

Fish, comprising over 27,000 species, represent the oldest vertebrate group and possess
both innate and adaptive immune systems. The susceptibility of most wild fish to parasitic …

Innate immune response is a primitive form of defense mechanism existent in plants and
animals. It is a complex system which, in vertebrates, is composed of cellular and humoral …

Cellular immune responses consist of innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune
mechanisms, where all leukocyte subpopulations are included. Among these are vital …

Fish intestinal parasites cause direct mortalities and also morbidity, poor growth, higher
susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens and lower resistance to stress. This review is …

Host responses against skin inhabiting monogeneans are commonly observed but the
responsible immune mechanisms in the fish skin are insufficiently described. Based on …