The present study investigated child behavior problems, parenting styles, coparenting, and
couple relationship satisfaction in 67 European gay father families via surrogacy and 67 …

Introduction The present study examined father-–child relationships, parenting quality, and
child psychological adjustment in 35 gay single father surrogacy families, 30 heterosexual …

This research focused on behavioral functioning of children conceived via gestational
surrogacy and raised by gay fathers. Gay fathers from 68 families with children aged 3–10 …

Findings are presented on a study of 40 gay father families created through surrogacy and a
comparison group of 55 lesbian mother families created through donor insemination with a …

The present cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study explored parenting and
psychological adjustment during middle childhood in 30 lesbian mother families through …

Forty Italian gay father families formed by surrogacy were compared with 40 Italian lesbian
mother families formed by donor insemination, all with a child aged 3 to 9 years …

Thirty-one children of gay single fathers and 28 children of heterosexual single fathers, all
born through surrogacy, were compared with 31 children of gay partnered fathers through …

Findings are presented on a UK study of 41 gay father families, 40 lesbian mother families,
and 49 heterosexual parent families with an adopted child aged 3–9 years. Standardized …

Evidence is lacking about the factors that are pivotal in enhancing the exploration of
surrogacy origins in children of gay fathers during middle childhood. The present study …

Little is known about the parenting style of male couples who become fathers via surrogacy,
adoption or fostering. In a European study, 35 gay fathers and 33 heterosexual fathers …