Cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) elicits a type I interferon response, but signals
triggering the release of mtDNA from mitochondria remain enigmatic. Here, we show that …

The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins …

According to the endosymbiotic theory, most of the DNA of the original bacterial
endosymbiont has been lost or transferred to the nucleus, leaving a much smaller (∼ 16 kb …

Mitochondria are cellular organelles that orchestrate a vast range of biological processes,
from energy production and metabolism to cell death and inflammation. Despite this …

Mitochondrion is known as the energy factory of the cell, which is also a unique mammalian
organelle and considered to be evolved from aerobic prokaryotes more than a billion years …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)—which is well known for its role in oxidative phosphorylation
and maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases—is increasingly recognized as an agonist …

Mitochondria are master regulators of metabolism and have emerged as key signalling
organelles of the innate immune system. Each mitochondrion harbours potent agonists of …

Mitochondria have emerged as key drivers of mammalian innate immune responses,
functioning as signaling hubs to trigger inflammation and orchestrating metabolic switches …

Mitochondria are central participants in a variety of cellular processes including ATP
generation, programmed cell death, signal transduction, and innate immunity …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes essential subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation
system, but is also a major damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that engages …