Although recent successes in clinical trials are strengthening research focused on cancer
immunology, the poor immunogenicity and off-target side effects of immunotherapeutics …

Cancer immunotherapy is a promising cancer terminator by directing the patient's own
immune system in the fight against this challenging disorder. Despite the monumental …

Anticancer vaccines train the body's own immune system to recognize and eliminate
malignant cells based on differential antigen expression. While conceptually attractive …

The design of nanovaccines capable of triggering effective antitumor immunity requires an
understanding of how the immune system senses and responds to threats, including …

Cancer is one of the most common diseases afflicting people globally. New therapeutic
approaches are needed due to the complexity of cancer as a disease. Many current …

Immunotherapy is a promising option for cancer treatment that might cure cancer with fewer
side effects by primarily activating the host's immune system. However, the effect of …

Background: Tumours are no longer regarded as isolated masses of aberrantly proliferating
epithelial cells. Rather, their properties depend on complex interactions between epithelial …

Cancer immunotherapy represents a promising targeted treatment by leveraging the
patient's immune system or adoptive transfer of active immune cells to selectively eliminate …

Conspectus The immune system has evolved over time to protect the host from foreign
microorganisms. Activation of the immune system is predicated on a distinction between self …

Founded on the growing insight into the complex cancer-immune system interactions,
adjuvant immunotherapies are rapidly emerging and being adapted for the treatment of …