A new class of convolutional codes called turbo-codes, whose performances in terms of bit
error rate (BER) are close to the Shannon limit, is discussed. The turbo-code encoder is built …

This paper presents a new family of convolutional codes, nicknamed turbo-codes, built from
a particular concatenation of two recursive systematic codes, linked together by nonuniform …

Recursive systematic convolutional encoders have been shown to play a crucial role in the
design of turbo codes. We recall some properties of binary convolutional encoders and …

Turbo codes, first presented to the coding community in 1993 [1],[2], represent one of the
most important breakthroughs in coding since Ungerboeck introduced trellis codes in 1982 …

Non-binary convolutional codes for turbo coding Page 1 ELECTRONICS LETTERS 7th
January 1999 Vol. 35 No. 1 Non-binary convolutional codes for turbo coding C. Berrou and M …

A parallel concatenated coding scheme consists of two simple constituent systematic
encoders linked by an interleaver. The input bits to the first encoder are scrambled by the …

A parallel concatenated convolutional coding scheme consists of two constituent systematic:
convolutional encoders linked by an interleaver. The information bits at the input of the first …

The original turbo codes (TCs), presented in 1993 by Berrou et al., consist of the parallel
concatenation of two rate-1/2 binary recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) codes. This …

In this article, we design new turbo codes that can achieve near-Shannon-limit performance.
The design criterion for random interleavers is based on maximizing the effective free …

We introduce a simple technique for analyzing the iterative decoder that is broadly
applicable to different classes of codes defined over graphs in certain fading as well as …