This Article provides theoretical and empirical support for the claim that organized crime
competes with the state to provide property rights enforcement and protection services …

In the last three decades, the public-private organization of policing in Canada has
undergone significant change. It is now common sociological knowledge that there has …

Scholarship on private legal systems (PLSs) explains the evolution of norms created and
enforced by PLSs but rarely addresses the evolution of institutions that form PLSs. Such …

This book, first published in 1983, looks at discipline in industry and shows how private
justice is integrally bound up with formal law. It is a timely examination of the forms of social …

Organized crime is often perceived in terms of extended, hierarchical crime “families” that
extend not only their activities but also their authority structures across national boundaries …

The criminal justice system's failure to control corporations' has been well documented. 2
Piecemeal reforms or modest increases in enforcement budgets are unlikely to remedy this …

Many systems of public law enlist private parties to supplement efforts by government bodies
to detect and prosecute illegal conduct.'Some systems reward private parties for supplying …

How can property rights be protected and contracts be enforced in countries where the rule
of law is ineffective or absent? How can firms from advanced market economies do business …

THE RULE OF LAW has two fundamentally different aspects. The first sets legal limits, both
civil and criminal, on private interactions. The second imposes limits on the political regime …

This paper investigates the industrial organization of criminal enterprise. We argue that
differences in contestability across criminal industries crucially shape how producers in …