Background Cadmium is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal and environmental toxicant.
Inflammation exerts central roles in the process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Background Prior studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
had indicated a potential correlation between cadmium (Cd) exposure and reduction in lung …

Background Cadmium exposure was found to cause a decline in lung function among the
general population, but these findings were limited to smokers and gender differences were …

Abstract According to the World Health Organization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) was one of the top ten causes of death worldwide in 2019. The ratio of forced …

Tobacco contains cadmium, and this metal has been attributed a causative role in
pulmonary emphysema among smokers, although extracellular cadmium has not to date …

Environmental cadmium (Cd) exposure can cause several pulmonary diseases. Epithelial-
mesenchymal transition (EMT) involved in the process of chronic obstructive pulmonary …

Background Exposure to hazardous heavy metals such as cadmium and lead has been
associated with several chronic diseases. Heavy metal exposure may contribute to …

Environmental cadmium is closely correlated with several respiratory diseases. Pulmonary
autophagy and apoptosis play significant roles in the pathophysiological process of chronic …

The etiologies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain unclear. Cadmium
(Cd) causes both pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema; however, the predictors for Cd …

Background Cadmium is one of the inflammation-related xenobiotics and has been
regarded as a potent carcinogen. The relationship between inflammation and cell …