Recursive systematic convolutional encoders have been shown to play a crucial role in the
design of turbo codes. We recall some properties of binary convolutional encoders and …

Non-binary convolutional codes for turbo coding Page 1 ELECTRONICS LETTERS 7th
January 1999 Vol. 35 No. 1 Non-binary convolutional codes for turbo coding C. Berrou and M …

Turbo codes, first presented to the coding community in 1993 [1],[2], represent one of the
most important breakthroughs in coding since Ungerboeck introduced trellis codes in 1982 …

A new class of convolutional codes called turbo-codes, whose performances in terms of bit
error rate (BER) are close to the Shannon limit, is discussed. The turbo-code encoder is built …

In this article, we design new turbo codes that can achieve near-Shannon-limit performance.
The design criterion for random interleavers is based on maximizing the effective free …

The original turbo codes (TCs), presented in 1993 by Berrou et al., consist of the parallel
concatenation of two rate-1/2 binary recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) codes. This …

Parallel concatenated coding schemes employing convolutional codes as constituent codes
linked by an interleaver have been proposed in the literature as 'turbo codes'. They yield …

This paper presents a new family of convolutional codes, nicknamed turbo-codes, built from
a particular concatenation of two recursive systematic codes, linked together by nonuniform …

For understanding turbo codes, we propose to locate them at the intersection of three main
topics: the random-like criterion for designing codes, the idea of extending the decoding role …

The turbo coding technique, which was introduced in 1993, is nothing but a way of
concatenating two simple convolutional codes in parallel to obtain an overall powerful code …