Valuable cultural landscapes are challenging to sustain. They are usually rare and reflect
unique histories of nature–human interactions. We have studied the influence of …

Context Intensification and specialisation of agriculture and forest use has led to profound
structural and compositional changes in European landscapes. In particular, sharp, narrow …

Semi-open oak woods and solitary oaks commonly dominate the wooded fabric (ie the
'oakscape') of European traditional rural agricultural landscapes based on animal …

Though on a global scale, for ecological reasons, increased forest cover is universally
regarded as positive, on a local scale, the reforestation of arable land may pose threats to …

This study explores the potential of historical maps to detect, measure and monitor changes
of trees outside forests. The main goal is to assess local-level changes of scattered trees …

Old veteran trees function as biodiversity hotspots in both forests and open landscapes, and
protecting such trees is an important measure to halt loss of biodiversity. Nevertheless, the …

Mountain forest areas are key for providing a wide range of ecosystem services and are hot
spots for land use change processes, in particular, increase in forest cover at the expense of …

Abstract In Mediterranean Europe, wood-pasture landscapes with oak woodlands as
emblematic ecosystems are undergoing rapid land-use change, which may threaten their …

Central European temperate oak woodlands are highly valued for their rich biodiversity.
They are also of great economic importance and forest management aims to produce high …

By the end of the twentieth century, the forest cover over most of Europe had stabilized or
was increasing after many decades of decline. Persistence and change in forest cover are …