Emerging findings suggest that Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology (α-synuclein
accumulation) and neuronal dysfunction may occur first in peripheral neurons of the …

Background: In some people with Parkinson's disease (PD), α-synuclein (αSyn)
accumulation may begin in the enteric nervous system (ENS) decades before development …

Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is the one of the most common non-motor symptoms of
Parkinson's disease (PD) and occurs in nearly every patient afflicted with this common …

Abstracts Bowel inflammation, impaired intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), and gut dysbiosis
could represent early events in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study examined, in a …

Background A hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the build‐up of α‐synuclein
protein aggregates throughout the brain; however α‐synuclein is also expressed in enteric …

Background Gastrointestinal dysfunction can affect Parkinson's disease (PD) patients long
before the onset of motor symptoms. However, little is known about the relationship between …

Background Prevalent non‐motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) include
gastrointestinal motor impairments and advanced stage PD displays pathological …

Abstract Aims According to Braak's hypothesis, it is plausible that Parkinson's disease (PD)
originates in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and spreads to the brain through the vagus …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative
diseases, neuropathologically characterized by misfolded protein aggregation, called Lewy …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) patients frequently present gastrointestinal (GI)
dysfunction that, in many cases, predates the onset of motor symptoms. In PD, the …