We analysed the impact of forest gap characteristics and understory vegetation on the
natural regeneration patterns of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and birch (Betula …

We compared microsite occupancy and three spatial structure of regeneration in three
primeval late-successional Norway spruce dominated forests. One area lay in the middle …

The timely establishment of natural regeneration of the preferred species after the death or
removal of mature trees is essential in continuous-cover forestry. In the context of the …

Creation of canopy gaps can be used as a restoration measure to aid in the diversification of
structural variability and tree species composition in forests. However, it is not generally …

This study presents empirical data on regeneration and growth of understory trees and
constructs simple models for predicting these characteristics at various stand structure and …

A large proportion of drained spruce mire stands is currently approaching regeneration
maturity in Finland. Traditional regeneration methods with effective site preparation and …

In Finland and elsewhere in Europe, many protected forest areas include also stands that
were previously managed and that lack several naturally occurring stand characteristics. In …

The aim of the study was to model the regeneration establishment, and the survival and
development of established seedlings in uneven-aged, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H …

The effects of shelterwood density and site preparation on the emergence, survival and
growth of naturally regenerated Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus …

The regeneration patterns in wind-damaged areas are largely influenced by damage
severity and varied microrelief. Regeneration was studied in Picea abies dominated stands …