EFSA was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks for
human health related to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA s) in honey, tea, herbal …

Abstract The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European
Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in food and feed …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary metabolites of plant families such as Asteraceae
or Boraginaceae and are suspected to be genotoxic carcinogens. Recent investigations …

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are plant metabolites present in some botanical preparations,
with especially 1, 2-unsaturated PAs being of concern because they are genotoxic …

Acute liver toxicity, specifically in the form of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD), is
known from reports on human poisonings following ingestions of 1, 2-unsaturated …

ABSTRACT A total of 1 105 samples of animal-and plant-derived products, including milk
and milk products, eggs, meat and meat products,(herbal) teas and (herbal) food …

In recent years, there has been a steadily growing number of published data on pyrrolizidine
alkaloids (PAs) in honey and pollen. This raises the question whether honey and/or pollen …

Honey was previously considered to be one of the main food sources of human pyrrolizidine
alkaloid (PA) exposure in Europe. However, comprehensive analyses of honey and tea …

Contamination of grain with 1, 2-dehydropyrrolizidine ester alkaloids (dehydroPAs) and their
N-oxides is responsible for large incidents of acute and subacute food poisoning, with high …

Background Because of the hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and cancerogenic effects of
pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) …