Abstract Objectives Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disorders
(CVD), characterized by pathological diastolic as well as systolic dysfunction, ventricular …

Abstract Background Type2 Diabetes (T2D) remains one of the most important causes of
cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Menopause leads to an increase in CVD and metabolic …

Introduction The cardiovascular dysfunctions in postmenopausal diabetic women increase
relative to premenopausal women. In this study we evaluated protective effects of selective …

Introduction The beneficial effects of the administration of selective estrogen receptor
modulators (SERMs) and estrogen (E2), alone or in combination with each other, have been …

Postmenopausal diabetic women represent a specific risk group with a greater incidence of
vascular deficits as compared with age-matched men or non-diabetic women. 17β-estradiol …

Estrogen is known to influence vascular functions and insulin sensitivity, but the relative
contribution of estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms in postmenopausal diabetes-induced …

In postmenopausal women, the risk of diabetic cardiovascular disease drastically increases
compared with that of premenopausal women. In the present study we surveyed the effects …

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cardiometabolic changes,
and menopause exacerbates these conditions, leading to a greater risk of cardiovascular …

Objective: This study aims to explore the role of estrogen in providing cardioprotective
benefits to premenopausal women, examining how hormonal differences between sexes …

After menopause, the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is due not only to
estrogen decline but also to androgen decline. This study examined the effects of either …