With decades of civil war finally behind them, many early seventeenth-century French
Catholic leaders poured their energy into promoting religious change and renewal. At the …

What was Christianity like for ordinary people between the turn of the millennium and the
coming of the Black Death? What changed and what continued, in their experiences, habits …

By the middle of the seventeenth century there existed three versions of religious culture in
New France: those of the learned clergy, the ordinary settlers, and the Amerindians. The first …

Raymond A. Mentzer istorians of the Reformation can readily identify the principal liturgical
transformations initiated by John Calvin and his associates. Reformed theologians, in …

Catholic churches throughout southern France suffered the ravages of religious violence
during the French Wars of Religion (1559–1629). Around the turn of the seventeenth …

The first three decades of Bourbon rule in France coincided with a period of violent
fragmentation followed by rapid renewal within the French Catholic community. In the early …

On May 27, 1694, the relics of Saint Geneviève, the patron saint of Paris, were lifted from
their resting place, marched ceremoniously from the abbey to the cathedral of Notre-Dame …

When one evokes the 20th century's view of its predecessor, one may think that the 19th
century was unlucky. Under the Third Republic, which lasted until 1940, and then under the …

Cardinal Charles Lavigerie has a unique place in the nineteenth century history of the
Church. He worked within its hierarchy f reform, and his name is always identified with the …

Catholicism, once the protean monster, still functions as a complex component of French
identity. No consideration of modern France would be complete without reference to the …