This study investigates the adult grammars of French simultaneous bilingual speakers
(2L1s) whose other language is German. Apart from providing an example of French as …

The present article provides an exploration of ultimate attainment in second language (L2)
and its limitations. It is argued that the question of maturational constraints can best be …

This study compares the linguistic knowledge of adult second language (L2) learners, who
learned the L2 after puberty, with the potentially 'eroded'first language (L1) grammars of …

A controversial topic in research on second-language acquisition is whether residual
variability and optionality in high-proficiency late second-language (L2) learners is merely …

This article discusses the dynamic nature of childhood bilingualism by analyzing oral
speech from returnee heritage speakers (HSs) of Portuguese, who grew up in Germany, but …

This thesis is concerned with the outcomes of the parallel processes of first language
maintenance and second language acquisition in adult bilinguals resident in a second …

Purpose: Research on the language of heritage speakers has shown that in situations of
societal bilingualism the functionally restricted language evidences the simplification of …

Determining how and why adult outcomes of heritage speaker (HS) bilingualism differ from
monolinguals is difficult because it requires the reconstruction of developmental paths from …

In the vast body of research on language learning, there is still surprisingly little work on the
attrition or retention of second/foreign languages, particularly in multilinguals, once learning …

Speech of late bilinguals has frequently been described in terms of cross-linguistic influence
(CLI) from the native language (L1) to the second language (L2), but CLI from the L2 to the …