Transient electrical impulses are conventionally used to elicit physiological responses in
excitable tissues. While electrical stimulation has many advantages, it requires an electrode …

Background/Objective: The traditional method of stimulating neural activity has been based
on electrical methods and remains the gold standard to date despite inherent limitations. We …

Infrared light has been shown to activate peripheral nerves in vivo using pulsed laser light;
however, translation of infrared neural stimulation (INS) to the central nervous system …

Neuronal responses to infrared neural stimulation (INS) are explored at the single cell level
using patch-clamp electrophysiology. We examined membrane and synaptic responses of …

Short infrared laser pulses (SILP) have many physiological effects on cells, including the
ability to stimulate action potentials (APs) in neurons. Here, we show that SILPs can also …

Pulsed infrared light has shown promise as an alternative to electrical stimulation in
applications where contact free or high spatial precision stimulation is desired. Infrared …

Significance: Systematic studies of the physiological outputs induced by infrared (IR)-
mediated inhibition of motor nerves can provide guidance for therapeutic applications and …

It has been demonstrated in recent years that pulsed, infrared laser light can be used to elicit
electrical responses in neural tissue, independent of any further modification of the target …

A new method for in vivo neural activation using low-intensity, pulsed infrared light exhibits
advantages over standard electrical means by providing contact-free, spatially selective …

Abstract Analysis and control of neural circuitry requires the ability to selectively activate or
inhibit neurons. Previous work showed that infrared laser light selectively excited neural …